Frank Gehrys First and Only Australian Project

Use of Language in How the Garcia Girls Lost Their Accents...

Use of Language in How the Garcia Girls Lost Their Accents by Julia Alvarez In her novel How the Garcia Girls Lost Their Accents, Dominican author Julia Alvarez demonstrates how words can become strange and lose their meaning. African American writer Toni Morrison in her novel Sula demonstrates how words can wound in acts of accidental verbal violence when something is overheard by mistake. In each instance, one sees how the writer manipulates language, its pauses and its silences as well as its words, in order to enhance the overall mood of each work. In Toni Morrisons Sula, the reader meets the protagonist, Sula, and her friend Nel when both girls are roughly twelve years old. Both girls are black, intelligent, and dreaming of†¦show more content†¦She had no center, no speck around which to grow (Morrison 118-119). For Sula, there is no other against which she can then define herself. Having rejected her community and her family, she wanders, trying somehow to define who she is. Sula turns to Shadrack, the local madman, at first because she worries that he saw what happened to Chicken Little, but then because his words truly do comfort her. Here again, one seems the way that Morrison manipulates language and its meaning in that what Shadrack doesnt say are just as significant as what he does say. Shadrack makes Sula a promise- Always. Morrison writes, ...he tried to think of something to say to comfort her, something to stop the hurt from spilling out of her eyes. So he had said always, so she would not have to be afraid... (Morrison 157) This promise, which conveys to Sula a sense of her own permanence, serves to take away from her two essential components of a healthy conscience-fear and compassion. Julia Alvarez also uses language to show how the four Garcia girls adjust to living in a new, and to them alien, culture. The protagonist in this novel is the family Garcia de la Torre, a wealthy, aristocratic family from the Santo Domingo, who can trace their genealogy back to the SpanishShow MoreRelated The Character of Yolanda Garcia in How the Garcia Girls Lost Their Accents and !Yo!2539 Words   |  11 PagesThe Cha racter of Yolanda Garcia in How the Garcia Girls Lost Their Accents and !Yo!  Ã‚        Ã‚  Ã‚   Julia Alvarez develops the character of Yolanda Garcia in some different and similar ways in her two books How the Garcia Girls Lost Their Accents and its sequel !Yo!. The reasons for the differences in the two characterizations of Yolanda is that there is almost no continuity concerning her character in the two books-meaning that all the specific details of Yolandas life given to the reader in theRead More Comparing Bread Givers and How the Garcia Girls Lost Their Accents2809 Words   |  12 PagesA Realistic Look at Bread Givers and How the Garcia Girls Lost Their Accents  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚   America is a country that was created and settled by immigrants from many different lands. These immigrants came to America in search of the American Dream of freedom and a better way of life, and their narratives have been recorded by various authors in both fiction and non-fiction stories. But can the fiction genre be considered a reliable source for studying the immigrant narrative? If American immigrantRead MoreJulia Alvarez Essay1187 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿Hall 1 Makalia Hall English 2 Mrs. McAlister 2/16/15 Julia Alvarez Essay Julia Alvarez was born on March 27, 1950. She was born in New York City. When she was three her family moved back to her families’ native land, Trujillo. Julia moved back to New York, where she graduated from high school in 1967. Then she then attended Connecticut College for two years, where she won the Benjamin T. Marshall Poetry Prize. After attending Bread Loaf School of English, at Middlebury College. She received a bachelorRead MoreThe Time Of The Butterflies By Julia Alvarez Essay1735 Words   |  7 PagesJulia Alvarez is a contemporary Dominican writer, whose work ranges from poetry, short stories, essays, and novels. Alvarez’s work touches upon issues of migration, history, stereotypes, empowerment of Latin women, and the differing ideology of American and Dominican culture. She provides a strong voice and perspective for Latin women, and teaches other ethnicities in America about Latin culture. She uses a variety of words and phrases in her native language S panish, as well as Spanglish and EnglishRead MoreHow The Garcia Lost Their Accents By Julia Alvarez1738 Words   |  7 Pageswithin a social environment. In How the Garcia Lost Their Accents by Julia Alvarez, we are able to see four girls who move from the Dominican Republic to the United States where they begin to lose their heritage and values of being Spanish women, and create new lives. When moving to a new country one recreates their identity through language, they endure the struggle of not fitting in, and they also become isolated from society. Four girls moving from their home, language became a vital role in theirRead MoreHow the Garcia Girls Lost Their Accents2208 Words   |  9 PagesHow cultural transitioning affected the Garcia Family Cultural shock is a common feeling a person experiences when transitioning into a completely different environment and living situation. Throughout the world, immigrants experience many difficulties when assimilating into a new culture. The novel How the Garcia Girls Lost Their Accents, by Julia Alvarez, illustrates these challenges. Throughout the novel, we see how different aspects of culture shock impact the Garcia family. In this essay I

Dengue Virus Serotypes in Asymptomatic Donors - myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theDengue Virus Serotypes in Asymptomatic Blood Donors. Answer: Background According to the reports of World Health organization (2017), dengue has become one of the severe diseases in recent decades and most of the Asian and Latin American countries are suffering from its severity. This is a viral infection originated through mosquitoes and the virus is carried by mainly Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus (World Health Organization, 2017). Recently the American Association of Blood Banks and Center of Disease control and Prevention has recommended to screen for the DENV serotypes while blood transfusion, as the rate of diffusion of dengue virus through blood donations has been reported in several studies (Walsh, 2016) Methods DENV serotype screening has been suggested by the American Association of Blood Bank and Center for Disease Control and Prevention as two Brazilian cities Recife and Rio de Janeiro reported transfusion of RNA positive blood units to 35 recipients, within which 6 developed the disease, however the KSA health authority still do not recommend such screening in western epidemic region of KSA (Levy, 2016). There are two methods to identify DENV serotypes in blood samples, by seizing the non-structural viral protein as well as by conducting RT-PCR. The researcher used an IVD TaqMan multiplex assay to screen the DENV RNA and connected that with the DENV IgG and IgM. In this cross sectional study, the western epidemic province was selected for the study and after obtaining ethical sanction from the Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences Ethics Committee and consent from the 910 participants ranging from 25 to 55 years, blood samples were collected from the blood bank of Hira general hospital an d the regional laboratory of holy Makkah between march 2015 to august 2016 (Ashshi, 2017). These participants were declared eligible as per the regulations of KSA ministry of health and after centrifugation of 10 ml sample, 500 aliquot samples were stored in -80 degree Celsius for further PCR and ELISA tests. For the ELISA detection, the researcher used certified kits for the detection of Igg and IgM against the DENV serotype in the blood sample of the participants. Depending on the ratio of IgG and IgM found in the blood, the donors were denoted primary source or secondary source of infection. Further for the detection of DENV serotype, Fast Track Diagnosis Dengue differentiation kit was used for the TaqMan RT-PCR process and the participants were divided in 6 categories according to the DENV serological results (Ashshi, 2017). The results were statistically analysed using SPSS (V 16) and the complete rate of noticing anti-dengue antibodies was 5.5% for IgM and 39% for IgG. Further as per the ratio of IgG and IgM, the overall rate of prevalence was found to 2.3% for secondary infection and 3.2% for primary infection. While the multiplex PCR assay was able to identify the serotype 2 in maximum of the 910 participants and DENV-4 serotype was found in more than 38 percent of the participant s. Therefore, the study was successful to identify serotype 4 in the epidemic region of KSA, and showed that the prevalence of serotype 4 was almost similar to the serotype 2 (Ashshi, 2017). The research was successfully able to demonstrate that blood transfusion is one of the prime way of transmission of dengue as 5.5% prevalence of dengue was detected through PCR. This study however, was proven to be progressive as it was able to detect serotype 4 in the western KSA region. Further, it should also be noted from the research that serotype 4 was identified in the participants, who were positive to IgM antibodies in the ELISA test (Ashshi, 2017). Results While discussing the results, it should be mentioned that according to the reports of WHO, last few decades witnessed the immigration of 10 million of migrant independent workers especially from Pakistan and India, where the DENV-4 is widespread (UN DESA, 2017). Further, due to the increase in tourism sector, visitors from countries where DENV serotype 1 and 3 is prevalent has visited KSA, increasing the occurrence of those serotypes in the region. Therefore, the two main findings from this research was finding all four serotype in the eligible donors determines the endemic nature of dengue and further 56% of secondary donors within the participants determined that transfusion of dengue through the blood of eligible donors is a major concern and the KSA healthcare authorities should focus on the issue particularly in the endemic region of the country (Ashshi, 2017). (Fig. 1 determines the prevalence of IgM and IgG among all the 4 serotypes of DENV, Ashshi, 2017) Discussion However, in spite of the success regarding establishment of DENV-4 serotype in the blood transfusion of KSA, several shortcomings were inherited within the research analysis. According to Meyers, Gamst Guarino (2016), to establish any research finding, it is important for the group of researcher to conduct confirmatory tests regarding the process. The research of Ashshi (2017), was able to find the serotype 4 in the blood serum of eligible donors however, for the confirmation of the statement, they did not carried out other diagnostic techniques such as NSI or viral isolation. Further, the major limitation of the study was inability to identify the viral load in the blood, which would help to recognize that those blood samples were able to develop dengue with serotype 4 or not (Furtado et al., 2012). Therefore, the selection of PCR kit for the detection of serotype 4 was a limitation for the study. Similarly, the usage of ELISA for the qualitative detection of IgM and IgG using the Panbio,Brisbane, QLD, Australia Kit was one of the major limitations. The primary reason behind it was the presence of heterophilic antibodies in the provided antibody of the kit that interferes with the immunoassay. According to Panbio (2018), these are antibodies raised in animal samples that lead to cross react with reagent antibodies added in the ELISA assay, and creates a false positive result. Further the serological cross reactivity is a common phenomenon that misleads the research by detecting the presence of DENV antigens within the assay. Therefore, accurate results are not produced. On the other hand, through this research, the researchers determined that current measures regarding the inhibition of dengue is not appropriate and a selected section of KSA should be monitored to control the blood transfusion of the disease. However, according to Schlenke (2016), the modern technique and pathogen inactivation technologies that has been implemented currently in the process, h elps to limit the blood transfusion of diseases and has sifted the paradigm towards the manufacturing of safe and disease free blood. Hence, the KSA government should enhance its pathogen inactivation technologies instead of wasting its resources for continuous monitoring of blood donation events (Schlenke, 2016). Therefore, while critically analyzing the research article, it should be mentioned that more such researches should be conducted in the KSA endemic region to understand the rate of disease occurrence and the frequency of infection using more than one research method so that the result can be established for further disease management process (Meyers, Gamst Guarino, 2016). Conclusion This research was targeted to identify dengue serotypes in the blood donated by the eligible donors of endemic region of KSA for dengue. As the disease was asymptomatic and no previous research present to identify DENV 4 in KSA, this research was of huge importance for the healthcare sector of KSA. Due to increased amount of travelers, and the home of more than 10 million independent workers from India and Pakistan where the serotype 4 is prevalent, KSA eventually become endemic to dengue. Further, by identifying the serotype 4 in the blood samples of donors, the research established the fact that current measures regarding inhibition of dengue is not sufficient and screening of blood donations should be screened in the prevalent region of KSA to prevent the transfusion of dengue in the province. References Al-Johar, A. W., Al-Saud, A., Abalkhail, Y., Jawdat, T., Al-Khamees, S., Faisal, A. T., Abdel-Gader, A. G. (2016). Why do-Saudi Women Refrain Donating Their Blood?--a Study on the Attitude, Belief and Motivation of Saudi Female University Students Towards Blood Donation.Clinical laboratory,62(5), 771-779. Ashshi, A. M. (2017). The prevalence of dengue virus serotypes in asymptomatic blood donors reveals the emergence of serotype 4 in Saudi Arabia.Virology journal,14(1), 107. Furtado, M. D. S. B. S., Andrade, R. G., Romanelli, L. C. F., Ribeiro, M. A., Ribas, J. G., Torres, E. B., ... Martins, M. L. (2012). Monitoring the HTLV?1 proviral load in the peripheral blood of asymptomatic carriers and patients with HTLV?associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis from a Brazilian cohort: ROC curve analysis to establish the threshold for risk disease.Journal of medical virology,84(4), 664-671. Goodman, J. K., Cryder, C. E., Cheema, A. (2013). Data collection in a flat world: The strengths and weaknesses of Mechanical Turk samples.Journal of Behavioral Decision Making,26(3), 213-224. Levi, J. E. (2016). Dengue Virus and Blood Transfusion,The Journal of Infectious Diseases, 213(5), 1 March 2016, Pages 689690 Meyers, L. S., Gamst, G., Guarino, A. J. (2016).Applied multivariate research: Design and interpretation, 3rd edn, pp. 123-145, Sage publications. Panbio. (2018).DENGUE IgM CAPTURE ELISA.Rootbio.com. Retrieved 15 March 2018, from https://www.rootbio.com/admin/download/2009216131852707.pdf Schlenke, P. (2014). Pathogen inactivation technologies for cellular blood components: an update.Transfusion Medicine and Hemotherapy,41(4), 309-325. UN DESA. (2017).New UN DESA report finds numbers of migrants continue to rise | UN DESA | United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs.UN DESA | United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs. Retrieved 5 March 2018, from https://www.un.org/development/desa/en/news/population/international-migration-report-2017.html Walsh, G. M., Shih, A. W., Solh, Z., Golder, M., Schubert, P., Fearon, M., Sheffield, W. P. (2016). Blood-borne pathogens: a Canadian Blood Services Centre for innovation symposium.Transfusion medicine reviews,30(2), 53-68. World Health Organization. (2017).Dengue and severe dengue.World Health Organization. Retrieved 5 March 2018, from https://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs117/en/

Whos Afraid Of Banquos Ghost Essays - Emotions, Fear, Sabretooth

Who's Afraid Of Banquo's Ghost? Fear is perhaps one of the most primal and basic human emotions. In many instances it is because of a reaction to this emotion that humans are able to make crucial decisions to their survival. In the ancestral environment, a proper response to fear or the fight or flight reflex often made the difference between life and death. Those humans foolhardy enough to tease the sabretooth tiger to impress the ladies may have made their point a few times, but quite often they ended up as a tasty meal. Clearly, fear is then an useful thing for evolution to pass along to following generations. Yet modern fear is so much more complex and convoluted than that of ancient man. Even in the times of the middle ages where Macbeth takes place, the subtle compound nature of what people could fear and to what degree is staggering in comparison. At its most basic level, fear is useful because it can help the individual to survive situations by making them aware of inherent risks in their current situation. In the play, fear -or its conspicuous absence- are pivotal in helping to determine how characters are going to behave and what courses of action they will follow. However, due to the more elaborate nature of social roles, the proper course of action is no longer as simple as merely avoiding the sabretooth. In the play, Macbeths fear is particularly noteworthy because of its relation to his state of mind. The more overcome he is by fear, the less stable and more neurotic he becomes. Prior to killing Duncan the vision of a floating dagger begins to unnerve him, particularly when he sees on [the] blade and dudgeon, gouts of blood (Act 2 Scn 1 Ln 46) which he realizes is related to his pending murder of the king. But the apprehension he has fails to make him reconsider his actions and instead serve to cement his resolve to go through with his plan of killing Duncan. Once his decision is made, he wishes that the sure and firm-set earth, Hear not my steps, which way they walk, for fear Thy very stones prate of my whereabout (Act 2 Scn1 Ln 56-58). Macbeths concern at this point has been somewhat attenuated and indeed subdued well enough to allow him to commit the deed. However, his speech after the fact confirms that he has not accepted the murder completely and now is beginning to have second thoughts about what he has done. Indeed, he is afraid to think what I have done, Look ont again I dare not. (2:2 50-51) What he expresses is not necessarily regret about killing Duncan, but indeed fear at the very strong possibility that it will catch up to him. Fear now has reduced him to inability and throughout his ranting becomes dependent on Lady Macbeth to clean his hands and steer him away from the knocking. She remarks to him Your constancy has left you unattended (2:2 67-68) and has to shepherd him back to their quarters. Curiously, it is Macbeths capacity for fear and to a lesser degree regret over what he has done which makes him ultimately human. He is a flawed villain because he fails to really achieve true wickedness. In her piece General Macbeth, Mary McCarthy disagrees with the notion that Macbeth is wracked with guilt and indeed writes that the perception of him as a conscience-tormented man is a platitude as false as Macbeth himself. Macbeth has no conscience (McCarthy 160). She argues that his main concern is to avoid serious self-recrimination about his past actions and to get a good nights sleep (ibid). While it may sound somewhat cynical to think of the character in this way, it certainly is possible. A lot of the ambivalence in this play comes precisely because of how Macbeth can be construed as being genuinely sorry and remorseful for anything hes done or whether hes merely concerned and upset about what it has cost him. The emotional toll of killing Duncan was very high for him as his reaction showed, and likewise the toll of having Banquo murdered must also have been a large one. Yet the difference here